D882 transistor：Introduction, working principle, pin out and data sheet

What is D882 transistor?

D882 transistor is a common NPN transistor, which is widely used in low-power signal amplification, circuit switching and other occasions. It is usually used in audio amplification, switching power supply, current drive and other applications. The following will introduce the pin distribution, working principle and equivalent model of D882 transistor in detail.

D882 transistor technical parameters

Type: NPN silicon transistor

Operating voltage:

• Collector-emitter (Vce): up to 50V
• Base-emitter (Vbe): up to 6V
• Collector-base (Vcb): up to 50V

Operating current:

• Collector maximum current (Ic): 150mA
• Base maximum current (Ib): 5mA

Power dissipation: 625mW

Gain (hfe): minimum 100, maximum 300

Maximum junction temperature: 150°C

Package: TO-92

Operating temperature range: -55°C to +150°C

D882 transistor working principle

D882 is an NPN transistor with three main regions: collector, base and emitter. The base region is very thin, usually only a few microns, while the collector and emitter regions have different conductivity. The working principle of the transistor is based on the PN junction behavior of the semiconductor.

Forward Bias: When the voltage across the base (V_BE) relative to the emitter is greater than 0.7V, the base-emitter PN junction is forward biased, allowing base current to flow in. The base current controls the collector current by enhancing the movement of charge carriers (electrons or holes) between the collector and emitter regions.

Reverse Bias: The voltage across the collector (V_CE) is usually maintained at a certain value to ensure that the transistor operates in the amplification region. When the collector voltage is high, the collector-emitter PN junction is reverse biased, which causes most of the current to flow to the collector and very little to flow through the base.

Pinout of D882 Transistor

The D882 transistor is a 3-pin NPN bipolar transistor. Its pinout is as follows:

Pin 1 (C) - Collector

The collector is the main current input terminal of the D882 transistor and is usually connected to the supply voltage or load. The current on the collector enters the transistor and flows to the base and emitter. To maintain proper operation, the collector voltage usually needs to be higher than the base voltage.

Pin 2 (B) - Base

The base is the control terminal, which controls the current between the collector and the emitter. Usually the base current is small, while the collector current is much larger than the base current. By adjusting the base current, the switching state and amplification of the entire transistor can be controlled.

Pin 3 (E) - Emitter

The emitter is the current output terminal of the transistor, usually connected to the ground or the negative power supply. The current on the emitter flows from the base and eventually flows out to the collector terminal. The emitter voltage is usually lower than the base voltage, so the flow of the emitter current is the result of the base current.

Equivalent Model of D882 Transistor

In circuit analysis, the equivalent model of the D882 transistor is usually represented by its current gain and voltage characteristics. Its equivalent circuit can be divided into the following parts:

Collector resistance (R_C): represents the impedance of the collector to the emitter current. Usually in circuit design, the collector resistor is used to limit the size of the collector current.

Base current source (I_B): represents the source of the base current. The relationship between the base current and the collector current is determined by the current gain (β) of the transistor. The base current source can be represented by the corresponding current source model.

Collector-emitter diode (D_CE): represents the PN junction between the collector and the emitter. The current-voltage relationship of this diode determines the switching state of the transistor.

Input impedance and output impedance: The input impedance of the D882 transistor is mainly determined by the resistance between the base and the emitter, while the output impedance is determined by the collector current and the collector resistance. In small signal analysis, most of the current source and resistance are usually ignored, and only key parameters such as gain and input/output impedance are concerned.

D882 transistor performance characteristics

High gain:

The gain (hfe) of the D882 ranges from 100 to 300, which is suitable for amplifier circuits that require high gain.

High gain makes D882 perform well in small signal amplification and audio amplification circuits.

Low saturation voltage:

The collector-emitter saturation voltage (Vcesat) of D882 is low, usually around 0.2V, which is suitable for switching circuits and can reduce switching losses.

Wide operating voltage range:

Supports collector-emitter voltages up to 50V, suitable for circuits with multiple voltage levels.

Low noise:

The D882 has low noise characteristics and is suitable for high-fidelity audio amplifiers and precision signal processing circuits.

High reliability:

Made of silicon material, the D882 has high stability and reliability and is suitable for applications with long-term continuous operation.

Small package:

The TO-92 package is small and suitable for use on circuit boards with limited space.

D882 transistor application scenarios

Amplifier:

• Audio amplifier: D882 is often used to make preamplifiers and power amplifiers, providing high gain and low noise characteristics.

• Operational amplifier: It can be used as the input stage or intermediate stage of an operational amplifier to improve the overall performance of the amplifier.

Switching circuit:

• Relay drive: D882 can be used as a switch in the relay drive circuit to control the on and off of the relay.
• LED drive: used to drive high-brightness LEDs to control the on and off and brightness of the LEDs.

Signal processing:

• Sensor signal amplification: used to amplify the weak signal output by the sensor and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
• Signal conditioning: used for signal filtering, shaping and amplification to improve the quality of the signal.

Power management:

• Voltage regulator circuit: can be used as an adjustment tube in a linear regulator to provide a stable output voltage.
• Current source: used to build a constant current source circuit to provide a stable current output.

Communication equipment:

• Modem: used for signal amplification and processing in modems.
• Wireless communication: used for signal amplification and modulation in wireless communication equipment.

D882 transistor Equivalents

Based on the performance characteristics of D882, the following are some common equivalent transistors that can usually be used as its replacement:

1. 2N2222
Type: NPN
Maximum collector voltage (V_CEO): 40V
Maximum collector current (I_C): 800mA
Current gain (hFE): 100 to 300
Package type: TO-92
Description: 2N2222 is a classic NPN small signal transistor widely used in low power amplification and switching applications. Although its maximum collector voltage is slightly lower than that of D882, its collector current handling capability is stronger and it can usually be used as a replacement for most low power applications.

2. 2N3904

Type: NPN
Maximum Collector Voltage (V_CEO): 40V
Maximum Collector Current (I_C): 200mA
Current Gain (hFE): 100 to 300
Package Type: TO-92
Description: 2N3904 is a common small signal transistor suitable for low power amplifier and switching circuits. Its voltage and current carrying capacity are slightly lower than D882, but they can be used interchangeably in many applications.

3. BC337

Type: NPN
Maximum Collector Voltage (V_CEO): 45V
Maximum Collector Current (I_C): 800mA
Current Gain (hFE): 110 to 800
Package Type: TO-92
Description: BC337 is a medium power NPN transistor with high current gain, suitable for amplifier and switching circuits. Its collector current capability and current gain are better than D882, so it can also be used as a substitute.

4. S8050

Type: NPN
Maximum collector voltage (V_CEO): 45V
Maximum collector current (I_C): 1A
Current gain (hFE): 100 to 400
Package type: TO-92
Description: The S8050 is a small signal NPN transistor with high current carrying capacity, commonly used in low power applications. Its collector current capability is stronger, suitable for circuits that require higher load driving capabilities.

5. 2N5551

Type: NPN
Maximum collector voltage (V_CEO): 60V
Maximum collector current (I_C): 800mA
Current gain (hFE): 200 to 900
Package type: TO-92
Description: The 2N5551 is another NPN transistor suitable for low to medium power applications. Its higher collector voltage and current gain make it suitable for various low power amplification and switching circuits, and can be used as a replacement for the D882.

6. BC547

Type: NPN
Maximum Collector Voltage (V_CEO): 45V
Maximum Collector Current (I_C): 100mA
Current Gain (hFE): 110 to 800
Package Type: TO-92
Description: The BC547 is a commonly used small-signal NPN transistor suitable for use in low-voltage, low-power applications. Due to its lower collector current and current gain, it is often used in scenarios such as signal amplification.

How to Choose the Right Equivalent？

When choosing the right D882 replacement, you need to decide based on the specific needs of the application:

Current and Voltage Requirements: Make sure the maximum collector voltage (V_CEO) and maximum collector current (I_C) of the replacement transistor meet the requirements of the circuit. If the circuit requires a larger current carrying capacity, you can choose, for example, 2N2222 or S8050.

Current Gain (hFE): For amplification applications, the current gain of the transistor is very important. Make sure the current gain of the replacement is similar to that of the D882 to avoid unstable performance due to gain differences.

Package Type: If the original circuit uses a TO-92 packaged D882, you need to make sure the replacement also uses the same package type for direct replacement.

Power Dissipation: Although the maximum power dissipation of the D882 is 500mW, you should ensure that its power handling capability is sufficient when selecting a replacement. Generally, 2N2222 and 2N3904 can meet this requirement.

D882 Transistor Datasheet

The D882 Transistor datasheet provides comprehensive technical information and specifications for this widely used NPN bipolar junction transistor. The datasheet covers its pin configuration, electrical characteristics and application guidelines. By referring to the D882 transistor datasheet, you can gain a deeper understanding of its functions and confidently integrate it into your electronic design.

Click to view the table:

D882 Transistor Datasheet

FAQs

What is a D882 transistor?

Answer: The D882 is an NPN type small signal transistor commonly used in low power amplifiers and switching circuits. It has a moderate current gain (hFE) and a low collector voltage, and is widely used in audio amplification, current drive, and signal processing.

What is the pinout of D882?

Answer: The D882 transistor is a 3-pin NPN transistor, and the specific pinout is:

Pin 1: Collector (C)

Pin 2: Base (B)

Pin 3: Emitter (E)

What is the maximum current and voltage of the D882 transistor?

Answer: The main electrical characteristics of the D882 transistor are as follows:

Maximum collector voltage (V_CEO): 50V

Maximum collector current (I_C): 150mA

Maximum power dissipation: 500mW

Can D882 and 2N2222 be used interchangeably?

Answer: In many applications, D882 and 2N2222 can be used interchangeably. They are both NPN transistors, but it should be noted that the maximum collector current of 2N2222 (800mA) is higher than that of D882 (150mA), so if the current demand is large, 2N2222 is a better choice.

What is the current gain of D882?

Answer: The current gain (hFE) of D882 is between 100 and 320, depending on the operating conditions. The higher gain value makes it suitable for small signal amplification and driving applications.

How to test the working state of D882 transistor?

Answer: To test the working state of D882 transistor, you can use a multimeter to perform a base voltage test. When the base voltage (V_BE) is greater than 0.7V, the base-emitter PN junction is forward biased and the transistor enters the amplification state. You can use a multimeter to measure the collector current (I_C) and base current (I_B) to verify whether the current gain meets the specifications.

What applications are suitable for D882 transistors?

Answer: D882 transistors are suitable for low-power signal amplification, switching circuits, current drive and other applications. For example, it is often used in audio amplifiers, power management circuits, and relay drives.

What are the common substitutes for D882?

Answer: Some common substitutes for D882 transistors include:

2N2222: Suitable for small signal amplification and switching circuits.

2N3904: Slightly lower current and voltage, suitable for lower power applications.

BC337: Has higher current gain and current carrying capacity, suitable for medium power applications.

S8050: Strong current carrying capacity, suitable for applications requiring high current drive.

Summary

D882 is a common NPN transistor suitable for a variety of low-power applications. With its simple three-pin structure, users can easily integrate it into a variety of electronic circuits. Understanding the pin distribution, working principle and equivalent model of D882 will help to give full play to its performance advantages when designing circuits. Whether in audio amplification, switching power supply, or current drive circuits, the D882 is a very reliable and economical choice.

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